The "Donaumast" is widely used in central Europe.Ī tower having cross-arms at three levels.Ī common sub-type of the three-level tower. It is characterized by having one conductor on each side at the upper level and two conductors at each side on the lower level. See examples with suggested values below.Ī tower having cross-arms at a single level only supporting a 110 kV line.Ī tower having cross-arms at two levels supporting a 150 kV line.Ī common sub-type of the two-level tower supporting 400kV line in Denmark. Cross-arms which only serve as support for earth wires should not be considered. The main parameters are the number and positions of cross-arms. This tag describes the design of the tower. The name of the company that build the tower. Particular arrangements of line bundles supported by the tower The colour(s) of a painted tower e.g., colour=red/white for tower painted red and white to make it better visible to pilots.Īny particular topology pattern occurring around the support for supported lines. The height in meter of the tower if known. The reference of the tower as seen on ground. The name of the company operating the pole (the one who comes after storms to make some repair for instance). For wooden or concrete towers the default is solid. For steel towers (or if no material tag is specified) the default value is lattice. This tag describes the construction type of a tower. The material of which the tower is mainly composed. You can add additional information about the tower using the following tagging scheme. To mark towers where the line is connected to an underground cable use line_management= transition and/or location:transition= yes. The power= line or lines which are supported by the tower should share the same node. You can add a ref=* as well if the tower has a number. Reducing the cost of realizing taller towers is critical to capturing the value of higher wind speeds at higher above ground levels as well as for increasing the viability of wind power in all regions of the country.Add a node at the centre of the tower and add the power= tower tag.Tower heights of 140 m and in some cases 160 m tend to be preferred in more moderate wind speed areas. Higher nameplate and lower specific power turbines (e.g., 150 to 175 watts per square meter) also show a general economic preference for the lowest considered tower height however, these larger turbines require tower heights of at least 110 m.This result is consistent with industry experience to date. Based on first-order cost estimates informed by current technology, the most wind-rich regions of the country generally show an economic preference for the lowest considered tower height higher hub heights (e.g., 110 m and 140 m) are often preferred in more moderate wind speed regions.Relatively larger gains occur east of the Rocky Mountains, with the greatest gains sprinkled throughout the Heartland, the Midwest, and the Northeast. Between 140 and 160 m, median capacity factor gains are approximately 1 percentage point. Although the observed variance is broad, median capacity factor gains with higher hub heights are estimated at approximately 2 to 4 percentage points when going from 80 to 110 m and an additional 2 to 4 percentage points when going from 110 to 140 m. Wind speed differences translate to sizable capacity factor improvements. Over large portions of the country, our mesoscale resource data indicate an increase in annual average wind speed of 0.5 to 1.0 meters per second (m/s) when moving from 80 to 110 meters (m) and 1.0 to 1.5 m/s when moving from 80 to 160 m.
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